More info
Datasheet
| Minimum Tank Size | 540 litres / 142.65 US gallons |
| Maximum Size | 40.0cm / 15.75inches |
| Temperature | 10°C / 50.00°F - 28°C / 82.40°F |
| Hardness | 2.02dgH / 36ppm - 20.00dgH / 357ppm |
| pH | 6.0-8.0 |
General Description
The Orange-Spotted Snakehead, scientifically known as Channa Aurantimaculata, is a predatory fish belonging to the family Channidae. It is characterized by a dark brown to black upper body with large orange blotches, and distinctive markings on its pectoral fins. This species is also referred to as the 'golden cobra snakehead' in the aquarium trade due to its unique appearance. With a maximum size of 40.0cm, it requires specialized care in captivity.
Aquarium Setup
For optimal care, the Orange-Spotted Snakehead prefers a dimly-lit aquarium with surface vegetation like Ceratopteris spp. and submerged cover for hiding. A tightly-fitting hood is necessary to prevent escape, leaving a gap for access to a layer of humid air. It is crucial to mimic natural seasonal variations with defined winter and summer periods, adjusting temperature and feeding accordingly. The minimum tank size recommended is 540 litres (see table for water conditions).
Behaviour
This snakehead species is best housed alone in a species-specific aquarium due to its aggressive territorial nature. Even in established pairs or groups, sudden violence can occur without warning. Maintaining them with conspecifics can lead to conflicts and should be avoided to prevent injuries or fatalities.
Feeding and Diet
An obligate predator, the Orange-Spotted Snakehead primarily feeds on smaller fishes and insects in the wild. In captivity, it readily accepts dead alternatives such as fish flesh, prawns, shrimp, and earthworms. Mammalian or avian meat should be avoided due to potential health issues. Live feeder fish are not recommended as they may introduce parasites. Varied diets for different life stages are essential for their overall health.
Reproduction & Dimorphism
These fish are paternal mouthbrooders, a behavior rarely observed in captivity. Male snakeheads develop a more extended and intensely-patterned dorsal fin when reaching around 150mm in size. Sexual dimorphism is noticeable as females have a broader head shape, allowing for visual sexing, particularly in adult specimens.
Habitat and Distribution
Endemic to the Brahmaputra River basin in northeastern India, particularly in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, the Orange-Spotted Snakehead is found in forest streams, swamps, and ponds connected to the Brahmaputra River. They construct burrows close to tree stumps for refuge and breeding during the annual monsoons. This species requires specific microhabitats, making it susceptible to overfishing and a concern for conservation efforts.