Channa Melasoma

Datasheet

General Description

The Black Snakehead, scientifically known as Channa Melasoma, is distinguishable from similar species by the absence of a black spot in the center of many body scales and lacks a barred caudal fin pattern. It is comparable to Channa cyanospilos but features a more pointed snout with a longer lower jaw and a unique color pattern on the throat. Members of the family Channidae, commonly referred to as snakeheads, possess large head scales reminiscent of snakes and have supplementary breathing apparatus that allows them to breathe atmospheric air.

Aquarium Setup

To house the Black Snakehead, a dimly-lit aquarium with ample cover such as live plants, driftwood branches, and terracotta pipes is preferred. Adding surface vegetation like Ceratopteris spp. reduces the fish's need to hide. It is crucial to have a tightly-fitting cover with a gap for access to a layer of humid air, as these fish are known for their escape attempts.

Behaviour

The Black Snakehead has a predatory nature, primarily feeding on smaller fishes and insects in its natural habitat. In captivity, they adapt well to various dead food alternatives, with some even accepting dried foods. Young fish can be fed chironomid larvae, small earthworms, and chopped prawns, while adults consume fish flesh, prawns, mussels, and larger earthworms. It is crucial not to feed them mammalian or avian meat or 'feeder' fish to prevent health complications.

Feeding and Diet

The Black Snakehead is an obligate predator, feeding predominantly on smaller fish and insects in the wild. In captivity, they readily accept a variety of food including chironomid larvae, earthworms, prawns, shrimp, and fish flesh. It is essential to avoid mammalian or avian meat and feeder fish to prevent health issues since these items may contain lipids that are challenging for the snakehead to metabolize.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

Details about the reproductive behavior and dimorphism of the Black Snakehead were not provided in the available information.

Habitat and Distribution

The Black Snakehead is commonly found in clear water forest streams with mud and leaf litter substrates. They have also been spotted in acidic blackwater environments in peat swamp forests and turbid settings. Their distribution range includes southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Sumatra, the Philippines, and smaller archipelagos like Bangka and Palawan. Reports from certain rivers may be due to misidentification or introductions, with the type locality being in western Borneo, Indonesia.