Altolamprologus Calvus

Datasheet

General Description

A. calvus is a predator by nature, displaying a body shape that allows it to access small crevices and gaps in the rockwork of Lake Tanganyika to catch eggs, fry, and small fish. Its laterally compressed form makes it difficult to see head-on, providing an advantage against predators and prey. The species is well-armored with thick scales that have serrated edges as a defense mechanism. Different color variations exist within the species, with black, white, and yellow morphs being popular. It is essential to avoid hybridization between these color forms. Distinguishing features from its only congener, A. compressiceps, include the mouth profile, which is more laterally sloped in A. calvus, and a unique scaleless area on the head, which inspired the species name, "calvus," Latin for bald. Sensitivity to water chemistry fluctuations makes this species unsuitable for beginner aquarists, especially during the initial import stage. Tank-bred specimens are hardier but still require stable water conditions.

Aquarium Setup

For optimal care, A. calvus should be housed in a Lake Tanganyika biotope aquarium with rock piles forming caves throughout the tank. Dim lighting can encourage the fish to be more visible. Specifically, the black form of the species showcases its vibrant coloration best against a dark substrate.

Behaviour

The A. calvus is territorial but typically peaceful towards fish that do not fit into its mouth, making it a suitable addition to a Tanganyikan community tank. Shyness is a common trait, so it is advisable to avoid aggressive or very active tankmates like Mbuna. Compatible companions may include Julidochromis, Neolamprologus, Cyprichromis, and Tanganyikan Synodontis catfish. Keeping this species in pairs or colonies within adequately sized tanks is recommended.

Feeding and Diet

In the wild, A. calvus preys on meaty live and frozen foods, showing reluctance towards dried varieties in aquarium settings. Aquarists typically offer a variety of meaty live and frozen foods to ensure proper nutrition.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

Breeding A. calvus is possible, with the species being substrate spawners. To breed successfully, a separate aquarium resembling a Tanganyikan setup with caves and crevices is ideal. Pair formation can occur naturally by obtaining a group of juveniles or maintaining a harem with multiple females and a single male. Sexual dimorphism is evident, with males growing larger and possessing longer fins than females. Breeding behavior involves spawning in caves, with the female caring for the eggs while the male guards the vicinity. Fry care includes feeding on brine shrimp nauplii and microworms from birth.

Habitat and Distribution

Endemic to Lake Tanganyika, A. calvus is exclusively found in rocky habitats around the lake's shores and islands. The species thrives in hard, alkaline water conditions with a pH range of 7.5-9.0 and temperatures between 24-27°C.