Cyphotilapia Frontosa

Datasheet

General Description

The Humphead Cichlid, scientifically known as Cyphotilapia Frontosa, is a species within the Cichlidae family, characterized by having a hump on the forehead and broad vertical bands on the body. They are typically referred to as 'frontosa' in the aquarium trade and are endemic to the northern region of Lake Tanganyika. With an average maximum size of 25.5cm, these fish exhibit various ornamental strains, including the 'red' and 'black widow' variations.

Aquarium Setup

For optimal maintenance, a well-structured aquarium is recommended for Humphead Cichlids. This should include sheltered areas with open spaces, such as a sandy substrate, water-worn rocks, cave-like structures, and large boulders. The alpha males typically select a specific cave or sheltered area, hence providing ample hiding spots is essential. Water quality is crucial, as these cichlids are sensitive to deteriorating conditions, requiring hard and alkaline water. Proper filtration, regular water changes, and suitable lighting are key to maintaining their well-being (see table for water conditions).

Behaviour

Humphead Cichlids are gregarious and thrive in groups of at least five, preferably ten or more. They do not establish distinct territories but instead form a dominance hierarchy with one or more alpha individuals. In a well-chosen Tanganyikan community, they can coexist peacefully, although they may prey on smaller fish if the aquarium is not sizeable enough to accommodate their group.

Feeding and Diet

Being generalist predators, Humphead Cichlids feed on smaller fish, macro-invertebrates, molluscs, algae, and organic detritus in their natural habitat. In captivity, they accept high-quality prepared foods along with live or frozen food items like Artemia, mosquito larvae, and shrimp. To ensure proper nutrition, it is crucial to provide a balanced diet containing vegetable matter and avoid mammalian or avian meat to prevent health issues.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

These cichlids exhibit maternal mouthbrooding behavior during reproduction. Adult males are polygynous and require several females for breeding. Females carry and protect the eggs in their mouths for an extended period before releasing the fry. Sexual dimorphism is evident in adult males, who grow larger, develop extended fins, and possess a more prominent nuchal hump compared to females. Breeding in aquaria is common but requires specific conditions for successful rearing (see detailed guidelines in the 'Reproduction' section).

Habitat and Distribution

Endemic to Lake Tanganyika, Humphead Cichlids are found in the northern region of the lake, spanning from Cape Tembwe to Bulu Point. They prefer littoral, rocky environments with depths ranging from 6-120 meters. This species forms large aggregations, often exceeding 1000 individuals, and individuals opt for deeper waters as they age. The unique habitat requirements of C. frontosa influence their reproductive strategy and social behavior in the wild.