Etroplus Canarensis

Datasheet

General Description

Etroplus canarensis, known as the Canara Pearlspot Cichlid, is a species within the Cichlidae family and Perciformes classification order. Endemic to southern Karnataka state in southwestern India, it is confined to the Kumaradhara-Netravati river system. The species showcases intricate dark vertical body bars that tend to bifurcate as the fish matures, with a base body color of buff-grey and yellowish central patches on some scales. The average size of E. canarensis is around 11.0 cm.

Aquarium Setup

When setting up an aquarium for E. canarensis, aim to replicate a flowing stream or river environment with a substrate of rocks, sand, gravel, and driftwood. The addition of hardy aquatic plants such as Microsorum or Anubias spp. is recommended, although the fish are likely to consume most plants. Regular water changes of 30-50% volume are essential for maintaining pristine water quality, with a preference for dissolved oxygen-rich conditions.

Behaviour

Generally peaceful except during breeding, E. canarensis displays loose gregarious behavior and tends to form groups. It is recommended to keep a minimum of 8 individuals to establish a dominance hierarchy and prevent weaker specimens from being targeted by dominant individuals. The species can become nervous if kept in smaller numbers, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a group.

Feeding and Diet

In the wild, E. canarensis exhibits generalist feeding behavior, grazing on aufwuchs and algae. In captivity, they readily accept high-quality prepared foods but show a preference for small live or frozen items such as bloodworms, Tubifex, and Artemia. Their diet should include a significant proportion of vegetable matter, such as Spirulina, with supplements like chopped peas beneficial for their nutritional needs.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

E. canarensis is a biparental substrate spawner and forms temporary pair bonds during the spawning period. Young specimens reach sexual maturity at approximately 24 months of age. Breeding in captivity can be induced by simulating seasonal temperature changes. Nuptial individuals display a change in color pattern, with males slightly larger and heavier than females. After spawning, both parents defend the site, and fry become free-swimming within 2-3 days post-hatching.

Habitat and Distribution

The species is endemic to specific regions in southern India, particularly the Kumaradhara-Netravati river system. E. canarensis is found in oxygen-rich freshwater habitats with seasonal variations due to monsoons, preferring clear, flowing waters over rocky substrates. The species is threatened by human activities such as agricultural pollution and sand mining, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts for its natural habitat.