Xenotilapia Sima

Datasheet

General Description

The Big-Eyed Xenotilapia (Xenotilapia sima) is a seldom-seen but captivating species within the Cichlidae family. Characterized by its skittish nature, this fish is a micropredator in its natural habitat of Lake Tanganyika, sifting through sand to extract small invertebrates and morsels hidden in the substrate. With males larger than females, displaying darker colors and pointed fins, this species can reach up to 16.5 cm in size.

Aquarium Setup

To house the Big-Eyed Xenotilapia, a tank of a minimum size of 135 liters with a spacious floor area is necessary. The substrate should consist of sand to mimic its natural behavior of sifting for food and prevent gravel-related injuries. Rock piles can serve as shelter, while efficient filtration is crucial for maintaining water quality within the recommended parameters of pH 8.0-9.5, hardness of 8-25°dH, and a temperature range of 23-27°C.

Behaviour

As a peaceful yet skittish species, the Big-Eyed Xenotilapia thrives in groups of 6-10 individuals when not breeding. Males exhibit territorial behavior during spawning, necessitating multiple females per male for harmonious cohabitation. Ideal tankmates include peaceful Tanganyikan species like Cyprichromis, Paracyprichromis, Lamprologus, and Neolamprologus, while aggressive species such as mbuna should be avoided to prevent conflicts.

Feeding and Diet

In the wild, the Big-Eyed Xenotilapia primarily feeds on small invertebrates obtained by sifting through sand. In captivity, it readily accepts various foods but thrives on live and frozen options. It predominantly feeds from the substrate, emphasizing the need for ensuring food reaches the bottom for a balanced diet. This feeding behavior necessitates special care when housed with other fish to guarantee adequate nutrition intake.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

Breeding the Big-Eyed Xenotilapia in aquariums is not common, with the species being maternal mouthbrooders. Successful reproduction requires a tank set-up with proper conditions and sufficient space for each male to establish a breeding territory. Females, identifiable by their distended mouths when carrying broods, release free-swimming fry after about three weeks. Male fish exhibit sexual dimorphism through larger size, darker coloration, and pointed dorsal and anal fins.

Habitat and Distribution

Endemic to Lake Tanganyika, the Big-Eyed Xenotilapia inhabits large groups over sandy substrates in its natural environment. Displaying gregarious behavior when not breeding, this species prefers habitats with ample sand for foraging and suitable conditions for maintaining its distinct feeding habits.