Clarias Batrachus

Datasheet

General Description

The Walking Catfish (Clarias batrachus) is an incredibly hardy species known for its ability to tolerate a wide range of water chemistry and temperatures. It has a unique adaptation to breathe atmospheric air and can survive in oxygen-depleted conditions. This catfish possesses stiff pectoral spines that allow it to move across land when damp, along with special mucous-producing pores on its body that aid in mobility. Its robust nature has made it a significant food fish in its native habitats and has led to its introduction in various countries for farming.

Aquarium Setup

For keeping a Walking Catfish in captivity, a tank with a minimum size of 2300 litres is required with a focus on floor space rather than depth. The setup should include a soft substrate, driftwood, smooth rocks, and plastic piping to create hiding spots. While plants are not necessary, a tightly fitting cover for the aquarium is essential to prevent the catfish from escaping, as they are known to wander if given the opportunity.

Behaviour

C. batrachus is highly predatory and will consume any fish that fits into its large mouth. Therefore, it is best housed with similarly-sized, robust species such as large barbs, Loricariids, and cichlids that can hold their own. Tankmates should be introduced at a larger size than the Walking Catfish due to their rapid growth rate. This species is not suitable for community tanks due to its aggressive feeding habits.

Feeding and Diet

The Walking Catfish is a greedy and omnivorous eater, consuming a variety of foods including dried pellets, meaty frozen foods, and vegetable matter. Adults do not require daily feeding, and caution is advised during feeding as they tend to overeat. Proper care should be taken to ensure a balanced diet for optimal health.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

Reproduction in C. batrachus is successful in suitable aquarium conditions. Sexual maturity is reached at around 12 inches in size, with spawning witnessed through increased body contact between pairs. During spawning, thousands of eggs are laid on the substrate and guarded by the male. The fry hatch within 24-36 hours and can be fed brine shrimp nauplii initially. Male fish exhibit spotting in the dorsal fin in the wild, while sexing in aquarium varieties is determined by examining the genital papillae.

Habitat and Distribution

Walking Catfish are found in river systems, swamps, pools, rice paddies, and canals, often inhabiting stagnant waters after floods. They are native to countries such as India, Bangladesh, Thailand, and Indonesia. Additionally, this species has been introduced in various countries, including the United States, where it is considered a pest due to its robust nature, outcompeting native species.