Epalzeorhynchos Bicolor

Datasheet

General Description

The Red-Tailed Black Shark (Epalzeorhynchos Bicolor) is a fish within the Cyprinidae family, commonly found in the aquarium trade. Known for its striking red tail and black body, this species can grow up to 12.5cm in size. Despite being popular, it is crucial to note that juveniles are often sold without proper information regarding their temperament, eventual size, and potential longevity of over 15 years.

Aquarium Setup

The Red-Tailed Black Shark thrives in an aquarium setup that mimics flowing river conditions. With a minimum tank size of 240 liters, the ideal tank should have a substrate of rocks, gravel, and larger boulders. Providing ample cover with driftwood, aquatic plants, and bright lighting encourages the growth of algae and microorganisms for the fish to graze on (see table for specific water conditions).

Behaviour

Known to be territorial and aggressive as they mature, Red-Tailed Black Sharks are best kept with carefully chosen tankmates. They tend to display aggression towards similar-looking species and may form alliances with certain other fish. This species generally prefers a solitary lifestyle, becoming more territorial with age, making it advisable to keep them singly in most cases.

Feeding and Diet

Primarily aufwuchs grazers, Red-Tailed Black Sharks feed on algae, small crustaceans, and insect larvae. A balanced diet includes live and frozen foods like bloodworms, Daphnia, along with high-quality dried flakes and fresh plant material. Supplementing their diet with shelled peas, cucumber, and fruits enhances their nutritional intake.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

Despite being challenging to sex when young, sexually mature female Red-Tailed Black Sharks tend to have a thicker body than males. However, males may develop slightly longer unpaired fins. Reproduction in the aquarium setting is uncommon, with commercial farms producing large numbers using hormone-induced breeding.

Habitat and Distribution

Native to central and western Thailand, historic records show the Red-Tailed Black Shark inhabiting rivers such as the Mae Klong, Chao Phraya, and Bangpakong. Initially declared extinct in 1996 due to various environmental factors, small populations have been rediscovered in the Chao Phraya and Mae Klong systems. Currently critically endangered, all specimens in the aquarium trade are commercially bred.