Garra Notata

Datasheet

General Description

Garra notata, commonly known as the marked sand-digger, is distinguishable by its lack of a transverse groove and proboscis on the snout, possession of 33-34 lateral line scales, and dark spots at the base of the dorsal-fin rays. Belonging to the enigmatic genus Garra within the family Cyprinidae, it lacks scales on the lower body and abdomen. The genus represents a complex taxonomic grouping with ongoing revisions and the potential to be split into smaller taxa due to its polyphyletic nature. Species in the genus are characterized by a modified lower lip forming an adhesive disc, keratinized upper and lower jaw margins, and specialized pectoral-fin rays.

Aquarium Setup

When setting up an aquarium for Garra notata, it is important to replicate its natural habitat. Swiftly-flowing sections of headwaters and tributaries with clear, oxygen-saturated water are ideal. These fish thrive in environments with a rich biofilm covering submerged surfaces. For specific requirements, refer to the table below:

(see table)

Behaviour

Garra notata tend to cling to surfaces in turbulent conditions using their modified lower lip adhesive disc. They are known to scrape food items from the substrate using their keratinized jaw margins. Some species within the genus have evolved unique adaptations, such as reduced eyes in hypogean forms or the ability to survive in thermal springs.

Feeding and Diet

In their natural habitat, Garra notata primarily feed on biofilm and other food items found on submerged surfaces. In an aquarium setting, they can be fed a diet consisting of sinking pellets, algae wafers, and occasional live or frozen foods like bloodworms or brine shrimp. Providing a varied diet is essential for their health and wellbeing.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

Information regarding the reproductive behavior and dimorphism specific to Garra notata is currently limited.

Habitat and Distribution

Garra notata is known to inhabit the Salween river basin in Myanmar, southern China (Yunnan province), and western Thailand, as well as the Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) drainage in southern Myanmar and western Thailand. Reports from the Western Ghats mountains of southern India are doubtful, and confirmation is needed for a report from the upper Irrawaddy River. The species was first identified in the type locality of Tenasserim, Myanmar.

Etymology
The genus name Garra originates from a Gangetic vernacular term for a specific "sand-digger," chosen by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton. The species epithet notata is derived from the Latin word notatus, meaning "marked," referring to the dark spots present at the base of its dorsal-fin rays.