Stiphodon Atratus

Datasheet

Behaviour:

Stiphodon spp. exhibit loose territorial behavior, particularly during breeding periods, and can coexist in groups provided there is enough space and food. They can be housed with peaceful, similarly-sized species that share their natural habitats, such as Tanichthys, Microdevario, or smaller Danio species. Suitable tankmates include various characins, small poeciliid livebearers, and freshwater shrimp of the genera Caridina and Neocaridina. Larger, aggressive fish should be avoided, and males of Stiphodon tend to maintain loose territories. A single male with multiple females is recommended due to the females' tendency to exist in loose groups.

Feeding and Diet:

Specialized as algal grazers, Stiphodon spp. feed on benthic algae and associated microorganisms. Their diet is vital for their elongate gut, designed to process vegetable matter efficiently. While they may sporadically accept sinking dried products and small meaty foods like bloodworms, a mature aquarium with ample algae-covered surfaces is essential for their long-term health. Growing algae on rocks in a separate tank may be necessary if the main tank lacks sufficient algae due to competition from other herbivorous tankmates.

Reproduction & Dimorphism:

Observations of Stiphodon spp.'s courtship behavior and spawning exist, but raising fry in captivity remains unachieved due to their complex amphidromous breeding strategy involving freshwater streams and marine conditions. Females are highly fecund, depositing thousands of eggs attached to solid surfaces. Male Stiphodon initiate spawning, guard the eggs, and care for the fry during their short incubation period. Sexual dimorphism is pronounced, with males displaying blackish coloring and females exhibiting a whitish coloration with unique markings.

Habitat and Distribution:

Stiphodon spp. are primarily found in short coastal streams above waterfalls on tropical islands, making them inaccessible to most fishes. Their habitats are characterized by clear, well-oxygenated water, rocky substrates, and abundant biofilm. This species' distribution spans regions including New Guinea, Halmahera Island, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia, primarily in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Different Stiphodon species exhibit preferences for specific substrate types, showcasing potential resource partitioning within and between species.

Aquarium Setup:

To maintain Stiphodon spp. successfully, ensure the aquarium is well-oxygenated and warm with clean water at all times. Utilize an oversized filter, powerheads, or airstones for adequate oxygenation and provide a substrate of gravel, sand, or a mix, supplemented with water-worn rocks. Strong lighting is necessary to promote algae growth, a crucial part of their diet. Include hiding places in the rockwork, stable water conditions, and hardy aquatic plants like Microsorum and Anubias. Regular water changes are necessary, and a tight-fitting cover is essential due to their climbing ability.