Betta Coccina

Datasheet

General Description

The Scarlet Betta, also known as Betta coccina, is a small fish species belonging to the Perciformes order. It is part of the B. coccina group, which primarily consists of red-colored fishes. Within this group, B. coccina is distinguished by iridescent green lateral blotches in males, absent in females, dark red body coloration, and other specific morphological characteristics. This species, like others in the Betta genus, has adapted to diverse ecological niches and possesses an accessory breathing organ called the labyrinth.

Aquarium Setup

The Scarlet Betta thrives best in an aquarium set up without a substrate for ease of maintenance. Providing driftwood, roots, branches, clay plant pots, or piping for shelter is recommended. Adding dried leaf litter can offer cover and encourage the growth of microbe colonies important as a food source for fry. Maintaining dim lighting is ideal, with the inclusion of plants like Microsorum, Taxiphyllum, or Cryptocoryne spp. Floating vegetation is also appreciated. Soft, acidic water conditions with negligible carbonate and general hardness are crucial, achieved through methods like reverse osmosis or acidification.

Behaviour

This Betta species is not recommended for standard community aquariums due to its care requirements and disposition. It is best kept alone or with very peaceful species. Reports on maintaining it in multiple pairs or harem-type groups vary, with some observing occasional aggression towards conspecifics. Chasing and squabbling over territory may occur, but physical damage is rare. Proper research is essential before housing with other species.

Feeding and Diet

Scarlet Bettas are likely to prey on aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates in nature. Captive individuals readily accept dried foods but should be offered small live or frozen foods like Daphnia, Artemia, or chironomid larvae regularly to maintain optimal color and condition. Care should be taken not to overfeed as this species is prone to obesity.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

The Scarlet Betta is a bubble-nesting species and requires ample cover for the female during breeding. The male constructs the nest and cares for the eggs, which hatch in 24-48 hours. Males are more colorful and possess longer fins compared to females as they mature. Spawning typically occurs beneath the nest, with males assuming sole responsibility for guarding and tending the offspring post-hatching.

Habitat and Distribution

In the wild, Betta coccina is found in peat swamp forests and associated streams in Sumatra, Indonesia, and Peninsular Malaysia. These environments are characterized by darkly stained water with minimal light penetration due to dense canopy cover. The substrate usually consists of fallen leaves, branches, and submerged tree roots. The fish may survive within the moist leaf litter during certain periods when permanent water is not available.