Betta Livida

Datasheet

Behaviour

The Betta Livida is not typically recommended for standard community setups due to various reasons, and captive reproduction is often prioritized given its conservation status. Tankmates such as small cyprinids and loaches from similar natural environments may be suitable, but thorough research before introducing any tank companions is crucial. There are mixed reports on whether it thrives in multiple pairs or harem-type groups with one male and several females. Some observations note occasional chasing and territorial squabbles with rare physical damage, while others advise keeping individuals in single pairs due to sustained aggression towards conspecifics, especially from dominant group members.

Feeding and Diet

In their natural habitat, Betta Livida likely preys on insects and small invertebrates. When kept in captivity, these fish can be fed dried foods once they recognize them as edible, but it's essential to offer regular servings of small live or frozen foods like Daphnia, Artemia, or bloodworms to maintain their optimal coloration and condition. Care should be taken not to overfeed, as Betta species are prone to obesity.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

Betta Livida is a bubble-nester, and providing ample cover for the female is crucial during breeding. The male constructs the nest, typically in a tube or canister, under plant leaves, or among surface vegetation. Reproduction involves the male wrapping around the female in an \"embrace,\"" with fertilization leading to the female laying eggs. The male guards and tends the nest post-spawning, with fry hatching in 24-48 hours. Males are more colorful and develop more extended fins as they mature.

Habitat and Distribution

Endemic to northern Selangor state in Peninsular Malaysia, Betta Livida's natural habitat consists of peat swamps and blackwater streams. These environments are characterized by dense canopy cover, darkly stained water due to organic decomposition, and minimal dissolved minerals with low pH levels. The fish are often found in shallow, shaded habitats with substrates covered by leaves and branches. Unfortunately, much of their natural range has been converted to agricultural plantations, leading to their endangered status according to the IUCN Red List.

Aquarium Setup

For aquarium setup, Betta Livida can thrive in a fully decorated tank, with many breeders opting not to use substrate for easier maintenance. Decor elements like driftwood, branches, clay pots, and leaf litter can provide shelter and mimic their natural environment. Soft, acidic water with minimal hardness is essential, along with dim lighting and gentle filtration to replicate their sluggish water habitat. Access to humid air above the water surface is necessary, making a well-covered tank with space for this airflow crucial for the fish's health and well-being.