Betta Mahachaiensis

Datasheet

General Description

Betta mahachaiensis has been recognized as a distinct species, characterized by its brown to black body color with iridescent green to bluish-green pigmentation. It is part of the Betta splendens complex with unique features such as parallel blue bars on the opercle and a relatively slender body. This species belongs to the Osphronemidae family and possesses a labyrinth organ for breathing atmospheric air.

Aquarium Setup

Maintaining Betta mahachaiensis requires a tank with medium-hard to hard fresh or slightly brackish water. The ideal setup includes ample vegetation, surface cover from plants like stem or floating plants, and driftwood for shelter. Dried leaf litter, such as beech or oak leaves, can be added for shelter and to establish microorganism colonies. Gentle filtration with an air-powered sponge filter and a well-covered tank with access to humid air above the water surface are essential.

Behaviour

Due to its specific requirements, Betta mahachaiensis is recommended to be kept alone or with very peaceful species. Larger or more vigorous fish may intimidate or outcompete it. It can coexist with small cyprinids and loaches in appropriate setups, but the presence of other fish may disrupt breeding pairs. Males can cohabit under certain conditions, but isolating pairs for breeding is advisable.

Feeding and Diet

In the wild, Betta mahachaiensis likely preys on insects and small invertebrates. In captivity, they accept dried foods but should be regularly offered live or frozen foods like Daphnia, Artemia, or bloodworms for optimal color and condition. Small insects such as crickets or fruit flies can also be fed after filling their stomachs with fish flakes or vegetable matter. Care should be taken not to overfeed to prevent obesity.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

This species is a bubble-nester where breeding requires a separate tank with a tight-fitting cover. Male constructs nests, and spawning occurs with the male wrapping around the female. Eggs are released and placed in the nest, where they hatch in 24-48 hours. The male guards the nest, and fry require proper feeding and care. Males exhibit more color and extended fins compared to females.

Habitat and Distribution

Found in limited locations in central Thailand along the Gulf of Thailand coast, Betta mahachaiensis inhabits brackish coastal swamps, especially near mangrove palms like Nypa fruticans. It is the only Betta genus member exclusively adapted to brackish conditions, with populations facing threats from urban expansion. Sympatric species include various fish, and distinct morphological differences exist among local populations.