Betta Pulchra

Datasheet

General Description

Included in the Betta pugnax complex, Betta pulchra is characterized by features such as a large head, brown live coloration with iridescent spots, and pointed anal fins. Belonging to the genus Betta within the family Osphronemidae, it is part of a diverse group of nearly 70 recognized species adapted to various habitats, from stagnant ditches to acidic peat swamp forests. Like all labyrinth fishes, Betta pulchra possesses a labyrinth organ for breathing atmospheric air.

Aquarium Setup

• Tank Size: Minimum of 96 liters.
• Decor: Driftwood, roots, branches, dried leaf litter, clay plant pots, or piping for shelter.
• Substrate: Optional for easy maintenance; common beech or oak driftwood can be used.
• Water Conditions: Hardness of 0-90 ppm, pH range of 3.5-6.5, temperature of 22-27°C.
• Filtration: Gentle air-powered sponge filter to mimic natural habitat.
• Lighting: Dim lighting preferable, suitable for Asian plant species like Microsorum pteropus.
• Additional: Net bag with peat in the filter aids in simulating blackwater conditions; floating vegetation for light diffusion.

Behaviour

Betta pulchra is best kept alone or with very peaceful species, as larger or more vigorous fish may intimidate or outcompete it. Maintaining it in pairs or groups can result in interesting behavioral interactions. Compatible tank mates include small cyprinids and loaches that share similar environments in nature.

Feeding and Diet

In nature, Betta pulchra likely preys on insects and small invertebrates. In captivity, it accepts dried foods but should be regularly offered live or frozen options like Daphnia, Artemia, or bloodworms. Small insects such as crickets or fruit flies can also be fed, ensuring variety in the diet and preventing obesity.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

• Reproduction: Paternal mouthbrooder; separate breeding tank with tight cover recommended. Male embraces female to release eggs and milt, with a gestation period of 9-16 days. Fry can consume microworms and Artemia nauplii, needing varied feeding for optimal growth.
• Dimorphism: Males grow larger, have more iridescent scaling, broader heads, and extended fins compared to females.

Habitat and Distribution

Originally from the Pontian district in Johor state, southern Peninsular Malaysia, Betta pulchra is limited to remnants of blackwater habitats in heavily-disturbed areas of former peat swamp forests. Found among marginal vegetation in irrigation canals, it shares its habitat with various species like Belontia hasseltii and Trichopsis vittata, with recorded pH levels of 3.9-4.2.