Betta Raja

Datasheet

General Description

The Betta Raja, initially often confused with Betta fusca, belongs to the B. pugnax complex, characterized by a distinctive morphology inclusive of a large head, specific color patterns, elongated fins, and lanceolate caudal fin. The Betta genus, with nearly 70 identified members, showcases remarkable adaptability to diverse habitats, from stagnant ditches to acidic peat swamp forests. Like other Anabantoidei, Betta Raja possesses the labyrinth organ, enabling it to breathe atmospheric air due to its intricate structure, crucial for survival in challenging environments.

Aquarium Setup

For Betta Raja, a fully-decorated tank with minimal substrate is preferred, featuring driftwood, roots, branches, clay pots, and piping to provide shelter. Adding dried leaf litter like beech or oak leaves not only enhances the natural aesthetics but also supports microbe colonies for supplementary fry nutrition. Dim lighting, aquatic plants such as Microsorum pteropus and Cryptocoryne spp., and floating vegetation contribute to creating a suitable habitat. A gentle air-powered sponge filter and maintaining a partially covered tank facilitate the periodic access to a layer of warm, humid air above the water surface, crucial for the fish's well-being.

Behaviour

Betta Raja is best suited to peaceful tank mates due to its timid nature, as more robust or bigger fish may intimidate or outcompete it. This species can be housed alone, in pairs, or small groups, showcasing intriguing behavioral interactions when kept in a group setting. Compatibility is observed with small cyprinids and loaches that share similar environmental preferences.

Feeding and Diet

In the wild, Betta Raja primarily feeds on insects and small invertebrates. Captive individuals readily accept dried foods but require a regular diet of small live or frozen foods such as Daphnia, Artemia, and bloodworms to maintain optimal health and coloration. Offering occasional treats like crickets or Drosophila fruit flies is beneficial, ensuring a varied diet and preventing obesity, a common issue in Betta species.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

Betta Raja is a paternal mouthbrooder, requiring a separate breeding tank with a tight-fitting cover to maintain optimal conditions for the developing fry. During courtship, the male embraces the female to release eggs and milt, ultimately leading to fertilization. Male fish exhibit larger size, increased iridescence on the head, broader head shape, and more extended fins compared to females. Successful breeding involves careful monitoring of the male's brooding behavior to ensure the survival of the offspring.

Habitat and Distribution

This species is endemic to specific regions of Sumatra, Indonesia, predominantly inhabiting lowland forest swamps with both clear and blackwater. Betta Raja thrives in shaded, quiet waters abundant in overhanging vegetation, leaf litter, and submerged roots. Various populations have been recorded across different provinces of Sumatra, emphasizing the importance of preserving pure bloodlines through accurate labeling by collectors and enthusiasts.