Betta Rutilans

Datasheet

General Description

The Betta Rutilans, belonging to the B. coccina group of closely-related species within the Osphronemidae family, typically showcases a body coloration of deep red with unique physical characteristics such as the absence of midlateral blotch and gold bars on the opercle. This species, like others in the genus Betta, features an accessory breathing organ known as the labyrinth, allowing them to breathe atmospheric air partially. With a maximum size of 3.5 cm, Betta Rutilans is recognized for its adaption to diverse ecological niches ranging from stagnant ditches to flowing hill streams, including extreme environments like highly acidic peat swamp forests.

Aquarium Setup

The ideal tank setup for Betta Rutilans involves a fully-decorated aquarium with driftwood roots, branches, and other hiding spots while omitting a substrate for easier maintenance. Adding dried leaf litter not only enhances the natural aesthetics but also fosters the growth of microbe colonies, providing a secondary food source for fry. Maintaining acidic conditions with soft water, utilizing dim lighting, and incorporating aquatic plant species such as Microsorum, Taxiphyllum, or Cryptocoryne spp., and floating vegetation are crucial for their well-being.

Behaviour

Betta Rutilans is best kept alone or with very peaceful species due to its care requirements and disposition. While some small cyprinids and loaches from similar environments may be suitable tank mates, it's essential to conduct prior research before introducing any companions. Mixed reports exist regarding the feasibility of maintaining Betta Rutilans in multiple pairs or harem-type groups, with some observations indicating occasional chasing and squabbling over territory yet rare physical damage.

Feeding and Diet

In their natural habitat, Betta Rutilans likely preys on insects and small invertebrates. Captive individuals can be fed dried products once recognized as edible but should be provided a regular diet of small live or frozen foods like Daphnia, Artemia, or bloodworm to ensure optimal coloration and condition. Care should be taken not to overfeed, as this species is susceptible to obesity.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

As bubble-nesters, Betta Rutilans exhibit a unique reproductive behavior where the male constructs nests under plant leaves or among surface vegetation. During spawning, the male wraps around the female in an 'embrace,' releasing milt and eggs for fertilization. Mature females tend to have a slightly rounder belly and duller coloration compared to males. After spawning, the male takes sole responsibility for guarding the nest until the fry hatch and become independent.

Habitat and Distribution

Typically found in peat swamp forests and associated blackwater streams, Betta Rutilans originates from regions near the rivers Mempawah and Kepayang in Kalimantan Barat, Borneo, Indonesia. These environments are characterized by minimal light penetration, dense riparian vegetation, darkly stained water, and a substrate covered with fallen leaves and submerged tree roots, offering a natural habitat for this species.