Betta Siamorientalis

Datasheet

General Description

The Betta Siamorientalis, commonly known as the Siamese Fighting Fish, was once considered a color form of B. imbellis and often referred to as the 'black imbellis' due to its dark appearance. DNA analysis has confirmed it as a distinct species within the genus Betta. Members of the B. splendens group share similar characteristics such as brightly-colored bodies, iridescent eye patches, and slender body shapes. This species can be identified by its dark-brown to black body color, black opercle with reddish vertical bars, and red markings on the fins.

Aquarium Setup

The Betta Siamorientalis thrives in well-planted, shaded tanks with ample surface cover provided by tall stem or floating plants. Driftwood, roots, branches, clay pots, or piping can be added for shelter. Incorporating dried leaf litter not only enhances the natural environment but also promotes the growth of microorganisms important for fry nutrition. A gentle air-powered sponge filter is recommended to mimic its natural sluggish water habitat. Due to its labyrinth organ, the tank should be partially covered to allow occasional access to the layer of humid air above the water surface.

Behaviour

This species is not well-suited for standard community setups due to its territorial nature. They should be housed alone or with very peaceful tank mates to avoid intimidation and competition. While some small cyprinids and loaches can be compatible, research is advised before introducing any tank mates. Providing sufficient cover and lines of sight can allow for the keeping of multiple males, but pair isolation is recommended for breeding purposes.

Feeding and Diet

In the wild, the Betta Siamorientalis primarily feeds on insects and small invertebrates. Captive individuals readily accept dried foods but should be offered a variety of small live or frozen foods like Daphnia, Artemia, and bloodworms to maintain optimal health. Feeding small insects pre-fed with fish flakes or vegetable matter is also suitable. Care should be taken not to overfeed as this species is prone to obesity.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

As bubble nesters, Betta Siamorientalis require a separate breeding tank with tight-fitting covers to rear their fry successfully. The male constructs the nest and guards the eggs while the female is typically excluded after spawning. Males display more vibrant colors and longer fins compared to females. The spawning process involves the male wrapping around the female in an "embrace" to release eggs for fertilization.

Habitat and Distribution

Found in still or slow-moving waters, Betta Siamorientalis seeks shelter among submerged vegetation to build bubble nests. Their habitats include freshwater marshes, flooded fields, rice paddies, and vegetated ponds or lagoons. Sympatric species in these habitats include various aquatic organisms such as Trichopsis spp., Anabas testudineus, and Lepidocephalichthys hasselti. This species has been recorded in several provinces in eastern Thailand, western Cambodia, and Vietnam.