Betta Smaragdina

Datasheet

General Description

The Emerald Betta, scientifically known as Betta Smaragdina, is a species within the Betta genus that has undergone selective breeding for aggression in eastern Thailand. This has led to various color forms not found naturally, with differences in red or green patterning in different populations. Like other Betta species, it possesses a labyrinth organ, allowing it to breathe atmospheric air to some extent. This species typically grows up to 6.0cm in size.

Aquarium Setup

For optimal care, the Emerald Betta thrives in a well-planted aquarium with plenty of surface cover provided by stem plants, floating vegetation like Salvinia or Riccia spp., or tropical lilies of the Nymphaea genus. The inclusion of driftwood and plants such as Microsorum or Taxiphyllum spp. is beneficial. Offering shelter through items like clay pots and plant-safe piping is recommended, along with dried leaf litter to foster microbe colonies. Water movement should be gentle, with the tank covered and some airspace above the water surface.

Behaviour

The Emerald Betta is best kept alone or with very peaceful species due to its care requirements and disposition. It can coexist with small cyprinids and loaches from similar environments, but individuals are often maintained separately. Multiple males can be housed together if adequate cover is provided, but pairs are typically isolated for breeding purposes.

Feeding and Diet

This species likely preys on aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates in the wild. In captivity, they readily accept dried foods but should be offered live or frozen options like Daphnia, Artemia, or bloodworms to enhance coloration and condition. Caution is advised against overfeeding to prevent obesity, a common issue in Betta species.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

Emerald Bettas are bubble nesters, requiring ample cover for successful breeding. The male builds a nest where spawning occurs beneath. Males exhibit more vibrant colors and extended fins compared to females. After spawning, the male guards the nest, and once hatched, fry feed on infusoria-grade food initially and progress to microworms and Artemia nauplii. Regular small water changes are crucial during this stage.

Habitat and Distribution

Found native to the Khorat Plateau in eastern Thailand, Emerald Bettas inhabit still and sluggish waters like rice paddies, swamps, and streams with varying water conditions. Introduction of ornamental forms like B. Splendens poses a threat to wild populations by affecting genetic purity. The species has also been recorded in Mekong tributaries in central Laos.