Parosphromenus Anjunganensis

Datasheet

General Description

Parosphromenus anjunganensis is a small species of fish belonging to the Perciformes order and the Osphronemidae family. The males of this species exhibit a unique reddish-brown coloration on their dorsal, anal, and caudal fins, with a thin bluish to whitish hyaline margin, while females are less vibrant. They are primarily micropredators and are often referred to as "liquorice/licorice gouramis" or "paros" by aquarists. This species is native to freshwater swamps and streams in southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo.

Aquarium Setup

For the optimal care of P. anjunganensis, a fully-decorated aquarium without a substrate is often preferred by breeders. Driftwood, roots, branches, and clay plant pots can be included to create shelter and spawning sites. Dried leaf litter is recommended to mimic the natural habitat, providing cover and additional food sources. Dim lighting, compatible aquatic plants such as Microsorum and Cryptocoryne spp., and floating vegetation like Ceratopteris spp. are beneficial. Water conditions must be maintained soft and acidic, with a pH of 3.0-6.5, low hardness, and a temperature range of 22-28°C.

Behaviour

P. anjunganensis is best kept either alone or with small, peaceful cyprinids due to its care requirements and conservation status. Mixed-sex groups can be maintained, but breeders often prefer sexed pairs to prevent hybridization and ensure successful breeding. Males of this species exhibit specific courtship behaviors, forming temporary pair bonds, and being responsible for egg and brood care. The male establishes a territory, attracts the female to a spawning site, and cares for the eggs until the fry are mobile.

Feeding and Diet

As micropredators, P. anjunganensis feeds on tiny aquatic invertebrates. In captivity, they should be offered a variety of small live foods such as Artemia nauplii, Daphnia, Moina, and mosquito larvae. Frozen foods are sometimes accepted, but dried products are typically refused. A balanced diet that replicates their natural feeding habits is crucial for their health and well-being.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

These fish prefer warmer water for spawning and typically breed in small caves or among leaf litter. Males exhibit vibrant colors during courtship, while females are comparatively dull. After successful spawning, the male tends to the brood while the female defends the surrounding area. The fry become free-swimming after a few days and can be fed with suitable foods like Paramecium, rotifers, and Artemia nauplii. Patience and proper care are essential during the breeding process.

Habitat and Distribution

Naturally found in peat swamp forests and blackwater streams, *P. anjunganensis inhabits environments with minimal light penetration, darkly stained water, and low mineral content. Unfortunately, their habitat is under threat due to agricultural activities. The species coexists with P. ornaticauda in some areas within its range, emphasizing the importance of conservation efforts to protect their natural ecosystems.