Scleropages Formosus

Datasheet

General Description

The Asian Arowana, scientifically known as Scleropages Formosus, is a distinguished species within the Osteoglossiformes order. It is identified by a lower count of lateral line scales compared to its Australian counterparts and lacks angulated linear markings on the head and body. This species comprises various color forms, with the red form potentially being classified as a separate species. Highly valued in the aquarium trade since the 1970s, the Asian Arowana is listed on Appendix I of CITES due to its popularity, with regulated trade by microchipped CITES breeders in Asia. Hybrids between different color forms, such as the Banjar Red, are common, with the gold crossback and super red varieties being particularly sought after.

Aquarium Setup

The Asian Arowana is relatively undemanding and is often housed in bare setups for aquariums. To ensure optimal well-being, it is essential to maintain high levels of dissolved oxygen through external filters, powerheads, and airstones. Stable water conditions are crucial, requiring the avoidance of biologically immature aquariums and the performance of weekly water changes accounting for 30-50% of the tank's volume. Additionally, a secure lid is necessary as the species is known for its jumping ability.

Behaviour

This predatory species predominantly feeds on smaller fishes, crustaceans, and invertebrates in its natural habitat. In captivity, Asian Arowanas can adapt well to various dead food alternatives, including chironomid larvae, earthworms, prawns, fish flesh, and dried pellets. Avoiding mammalian or avian meat is advised to prevent health issues related to improper fat metabolism. The use of feeder fish such as livebearers is discouraged due to disease risks and nutritional deficiencies.

Feeding and Diet

Asian Arowanas are obligate predators in nature but can adjust to a diverse diet in captivity, accepting items like bloodworms, prawns, shrimp, mussels, and earthworms. While they may consume dried pellets, these should not constitute the primary diet. Avoiding mammalian or avian meat and feeder fish is recommended to maintain the fish's health and well-being.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

Known as a paternal mouthbrooder, the Asian Arowana is typically bred in outdoor pools for commercial purposes. This species exhibits distinct color variations based on their habitat, with various forms such as the green, super red, and crossback golden being prominent in the trade.

Habitat and Distribution

The Asian Arowana is found in natural lakes, swamps, flooded forests, and slow-moving deep rivers with vegetative cover, including blackwater systems. Its distribution includes regions within the Mekong river system, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo, although it has become locally extinct in certain areas. Introduced populations are noted in Singapore, but the species does not occur in Taiwan.