Serrasalmus Brandtii

Datasheet

General Description

The White Piranha, also known as Serrasalmus Brandtii, belongs to the Serrasalmidae family within the Characiformes order. Adult specimens are uniformly golden-bronze with reflective scales on the flanks, and possess distinct concave upper head profiles. This species can be confused with the distantly related Pygopristis denticulata, differing in anal-fin origin position. It is part of a family containing piranhas, pacus, and related species known for their compressed body shape and unique ecological roles, found in South American river systems.

Aquarium Setup

For optimal maintenance, it is recommended to house the White Piranha solitary in a tank of at least 540 liters. Decor choice is less critical compared to water quality and open swimming space, but some cover such as driftwood and vegetation is advised to prevent skittish behavior. Serrasalmus species require efficient filtration due to their waste production, with large external filters or sump systems being ideal. Weekly water changes of 30-50% are suggested, with caution during maintenance due to their potentially aggressive nature.

Behaviour

This species is best kept alone as a single specimen to avoid aggressive interactions with tankmates. Found in main river channels and reservoirs, it can display skittish behavior in bare aquarium setups, emphasizing the importance of providing cover. White Piranhas are active throughout the day and benefit from ample swimming space.

Feeding and Diet

In the wild, Serrasalmus species are opportunistic feeders but prefer small fish, fish flesh, and fins. In captivity, they can be fed chironomid larvae, earthworms, shellfish, fish flesh strips, and live river shrimp. Avoid feeding mammalian or avian meat like beef heart, as it can lead to health issues. Live feeder fish carry disease risks and lack nutritional value unless conditioned properly.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

Reproduction of S. brandtii in aquarium settings remains unrecorded, but studies on wild populations indicate year-round reproductive activity. This species deposits eggs in batches during favorable environmental conditions, with peak activity in the wet season. Information on sexual dimorphism in these piranhas is not documented.

Habitat and Distribution

The White Piranha is possibly confined to the rio São Francisco watershed in Brazil, including major tributaries like rios das Velhas and Grande. They can also inhabit the rio Itapicuru and have a population in the Pedra do Cavalo reservoir. Typically found in main river channels, floodplain lakes, and reservoirs, they show adaptability to varying aquatic environments.