Serrasalmus Elongatus

Datasheet

General Description

Serrasalmus elongatus, commonly known as the Pike Piranha, is a predatory fish belonging to the Serrasalmidae family. This species is characterized by a unique streamlined body form, which tends to evolve into a more diamond-shaped figure as the fish matures. Identified within the "humeralis group" of the Serrasalmus genus, S. elongatus is distinguishable by its shape, making it easier to recognize compared to other similar-looking species. With variations such as the "black mask" variant and the bright orange/red pigmentation form, this fish exhibits notable morphological differences based on locality and age.

Aquarium Setup

Juveniles and newly-imported specimens of S. elongatus thrive best in planted setups with ample shaded areas. A natural-looking aquarium with roots, branches, floating vegetation, and a dark substrate is ideal for their well-being. Adult Pike Piranhas prefer open river-like environments with well-oxygenated water, sandy substrate, driftwood, and moderate lighting. While plants may struggle to thrive in these conditions, hardy species like Vallisneria or Microsorium can be attempted. Maintaining high water quality, providing adequate flow, and performing regular large water changes are essential for the species' health and behavior.

Behaviour

The Pike Piranha is recommended as a specimen fish due to its aggressive nature towards tank mates. Known to be carnivorous, S. elongatus primarily preys on smaller fish and invertebrates, and may exhibit fin-nipping behavior in communal tanks. Conspecifics are likely to engage in territorial disputes, often resulting in aggression until only one fish remains. These fish can vary in personality, with some individuals being fearless and prone to chase, while others remain shy and nervous. While they can be skittish in aquariums, proper care and tank setup can help alleviate their stress.

Feeding and Diet

In the wild, the diet of S. elongatus consists mainly of smaller fish and invertebrates, with a focus on fins and scales. In aquariums, individuals can be weaned onto dead foods over time, although acclimatization periods may vary. Offering live or frozen bloodworm, Tubifex, prawns, squid, and earthworms is ideal for juveniles, while adults require larger food items like mussels and cockles. Avoid feeding excessive mammalian or avian meat, as it can lead to health complications. The use of feeder fish is discouraged due to the risk of disease transmission.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

As with most Serrasalmus species, S. elongatus has not been successfully bred in captivity. Sexual dimorphism in this species remains unknown, with theories regarding variations in anal fin shapes or caudal peduncle patterning yet to be scientifically confirmed. The species remains challenging to sex based on physical characteristics, and further research is required to delineate gender differences accurately.

Habitat and Distribution

The Pike Piranha is distributed across Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil, particularly in the Amazon and Rio Orinoco river basins. Found in both black and white waters, S. elongatus inhabits various biotopes ranging from dense jungle areas to tropical grasslands like the Venezuelan Llanos. Juveniles are commonly found in floating meadows, utilizing cover for prey ambushes, while adults prefer the deep, flowing waters of major river channels and occasionally seasonally flooded forests or permanent lakes.