Scleromystax Salmacis

Datasheet

General Description

Scleromystax Salmacis, a member of the Callichthyidae family under the order Siluriformes, is characterized by a single perforated dorsolateral body plate, a ventral keel of the scapulocoracoid oriented towards the anterior bone margin, and dorsal and pectoral fins of equal length on both sexes. Belonging to the Scleromystax genus, these "armoured" catfishes have evolved a modified intestine for air breathing, aiding their survival in low-oxygen environments. They possess stiff pectoral-fin spines capable of delivering a painful sting due to potential toxic secretions from axillary glands.

Aquarium Setup

The Scleromystax Salmacis should be housed in an aquarium with a substrate of fine gravel or sand, driftwood, and live plants to mimic their natural habitat. Moderate lighting and a temperature range between 72°F to 79°F (22°C to 26°C), with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5, are ideal for their well-being. Ensure strong filtration and regular water changes to maintain water quality. (see table)

Behaviour

These catfish are facultative air breathers, occasionally surfacing to gulp air. They are peaceful and sociable, often seen foraging in the lower levels of the aquarium. When handling them, caution is advised due to the potential painful sting from their pectoral-fin spines.

Feeding and Diet

Scleromystax Salmacis are foraging omnivores, accepting a varied diet of sinking dried foods, small live, and frozen varieties like chironomid larvae and Tubifex. Avoid relying on leftover food in the aquarium, ensuring a balanced diet to maintain optimal health.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

The taxonomy of Scleromystax species remains complex, with many undescribed variants. During breeding, males and females exhibit subtle sexual dimorphism, with males slightly more slender and possessing developed odontodes. Unconfirmed species entering the aquarium trade are often referred to using 'C' or 'CW' numbers for identification.

Habitat and Distribution

Natively found in the rivers Mampituba and Araranguá in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, the Scleromystax Salmacis inhabit clear, slow-moving waters with a rocky substrate and sparse vegetation, alongside various sympatric fish species like the Steindachnerina biornata and Astyanax scabripinnis.