Datasheet

General Description

Tonina fluviatilis, the only species in the Tonina genus, is a distinct stem plant originating from slow-flowing blackwater rivers and rivulets in Mexico to northern South America. Known for forming dense mat-like populations in shallow-water zones, this plant has garnered popularity in the aquarium hobby due to its unique appearance and suitability for aquatic layouts.

Aquarium Suitability

T. fluviatilis is considered suitable for aquariums, albeit with very specific requirements, making it unsuitable for beginners. It necessitates moderately soft water with a low total hardness, an acidic substrate, abundant lighting (1 watt per liter or more), and mandatory CO2 injection for optimal growth. The plant also thrives with ample iron and micronutrients, requiring consistent nitrate and phosphate levels to prevent deficiencies.

Demands and Hardiness

With a high-demand level and categorized as very difficult to cultivate, T. fluviatilis necessitates meticulous care and attention to thrive in an aquarium setting. Suitable for midground placement, this plant's growth rate is moderate, allowing it to complement various aquascaping styles, particularly Dutch-style tanks. It is crucial to prevent faster-growing neighboring plants from overshadowing T. fluviatilis while ensuring it receives adequate light and remains unshaded.

Aquascaping & Usage

Thanks to its uncommon fresh green foliage, T. fluviatilis serves as an attractive green accent suitable for the middle and background of aquariums. Its strictly upright growth habit and adaptable height further enhance its usability in aquascaping, especially in setups aiming for a structured appearance.

Propagation

Propagation of T. fluviatilis is typically done through cuttings. Lateral shoots can be cut and replanted in the substrate for new growth. To ensure optimal results, it is advisable to use shoot tips around 5 cm in length, as longer cuttings may develop roots outside the substrate. This plant's slow growth rate allows for careful management to maintain its aesthetic appeal and health in the aquarium.

Habitat and Distribution

In its natural habitat, T. fluviatilis thrives in slow-flowing blackwater rivers and rivulets, primarily found in regions spanning from Mexico to northern South America. Known for its mat-like populations in shallow-water areas, this plant demonstrates adaptability to specific environmental conditions, reflecting its requirements for cultivation in aquarium setups.