Channa Micropeltes

Datasheet

General Description

The Giant Snakehead, scientifically known as Channa Micropeltes, is also referred to as the Indonesian, red, or redline snakehead. It has a reputation in the media as a fierce predator, although evidence of it being a danger to humans is lacking. This species can be distinguished from its sister species, C. diplogramma, by several physical characteristics such as body length, depth, and fin rays. Snakeheads are part of the Perciformes order and belong to the family Channidae, known for possessing supplementary breathing apparatus that allows them to breathe atmospheric air and survive out of water for extended periods.

Aquarium Setup

The Giant Snakehead requires a minimum tank size of 10000 litres and appreciates surface cover like floating or overhanging vegetation. Unlike most Channa species, it is pelagic and needs ample swimming space. A tightly-fitting hood is crucial to prevent escape, leaving a gap for access to a layer of humid air. Water conditions should be maintained with hardness ranging from 36-357ppm, a pH level between 6.0-8.0, and a temperature of 20-30°C.

Behaviour

These fish are best kept in a species-specific aquarium to avoid aggression. Juveniles and subadults are generally peaceful until they reach sexual maturity, where they can become territorial and aggressive, especially towards their own species. They are known to pair up during the wet season for breeding, and adults display strong parental care, aggressively defending their brood.

Feeding and Diet

As obligate predators, Giant Snakeheads feed on smaller fishes, amphibians, invertebrates, and insects in the wild. In captivity, they can adapt to dead alternatives, with some individuals accepting dried foods. Young fish can be fed chironomid larvae, earthworms, and prawns, while adults consume fish flesh, shrimp, and mussels. It's important to avoid feeding them mammalian or avian meat and "feeder" fish, as they may not be properly metabolized or lack nutritional value.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

Breeding the Giant Snakehead in captivity requires significant space and investment. Sexual maturity is reached at around two years of age, with spawning activities observed in flooded areas or streams with submerged vegetation. Reproduction involves eggs floating at the water's surface, with adults showing extended parental care. Juvenile and adult color patterns differ, with juveniles exhibiting two black longitudinal stripes and adults displaying a broad dark stripe along the body.

Habitat and Distribution

The Giant Snakehead prefers standing to slow-moving waters like deep river channels, lakes, and swamps, including man-made canals. Its natural habitat spans Southeast Asia, from Laos to Indonesia and even reaching the U.S. and the Philippines due to aquarium releases. These fish are widely farmed for consumption and sport fishing, with variations in color patterns hinting at potential hidden genetic diversity within the species.