'Geophagus' Brasiliensis

Datasheet

General Description

The Geophagus brasiliensis, commonly known as the Pearl Cichlid, is aptly named for the iridescent body scaling that resembles pearls or mother-of-pearl. This cichlid species showcases varying shades of blue, green, or yellow with populations exhibiting differences in body shape depending on their specific habitat environment. It is classified under the order Perciformes and belongs to the Cichlidae family.

Aquarium Setup

For optimal care of Geophagus brasiliensis, a tank setup of at least 300 litres is recommended, as they can grow up to 25.0cm in size. The aquarium should ideally consist of a soft, sandy substrate, though it is not mandatory. The tank should be well-filtered, ensuring water quality is pristine. Additionally, dim lighting, driftwood, roots, branches, and a few rocks can be included for a natural habitat feel. Regular water changes of 50-70% are essential to maintain water stability and prevent health issues in the fish.

Behaviour

Male Pearl Cichlids are territorial, especially during spawning periods, and may exhibit aggression towards smaller tankmates. In some cases, very small fish in the tank may become prey to the Pearl Cichlid.

Feeding and Diet

Pearl Cichlids are known to be omnivorous, with their natural diet comprising plant material, aquatic invertebrates such as chironomid larvae, ostracods, and cladocerans, fish scales, and fry. In an aquarium setting, it is recommended to provide sinking dry foods alongside live or frozen options like bloodworms and Artemia.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

Geophagus brasiliensis is a biparental substrate spawner. Sexual dimorphism is evident in this species, with males growing larger than females. Dominant males often develop a nuchal hump as a characteristic feature.

Habitat and Distribution

Native to river systems in eastern and southern Brazil and Uruguay, Geophagus brasiliensis can be found in various river drainages and lagoons. It has also been introduced to non-native populations in countries like the United States, Australia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. These cichlids are adaptable to varying water conditions, from coastal drainages to the lower reaches of rivers, and even in coastal lagoons with some salt tolerance.