Geophagus Parnaibae

Datasheet

Behaviour

Geophagus parnaibae exhibits surprising peacefulness, except during breeding, and typically avoids preying on fishes larger than a few millimeters. They are known to coexist well with various peaceful species sharing similar environmental preferences; however, they should not be housed with aggressive or territorial substrate-dwellers. Geophagus parnaibae tends to form loose aggregations, particularly when not spawning, with juveniles showing strong grouping instincts. It is advisable to keep a group of 5-8 individuals to establish a noticeable dominance hierarchy within the tank. Smaller groups may lead to increased antagonistic behavior towards weaker specimens or cause the group to exhibit nervous behavior.

Feeding and Diet

Geophagus parnaibae are benthophagous, meaning they feed by sifting mouthfuls of substrate for edible items and expelling the remaining material through their gill openings and mouth. Their diet in the wild consists mainly of small aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates, plant material, organic detritus, and sediment. While they readily accept a variety of high-quality prepared foods, it is essential to include small live or frozen options like bloodworms, Tubifex, Artemia, and mosquito larvae. Incorporating vegetable-based products like Spirulina is beneficial. Offering multiple small meals throughout the day mimics their natural foraging behavior and promotes optimal growth and health.

Habitat and Distribution

Endemic to the rio Parnaíba drainage in northeastern Brazil, Geophagus parnaibae is typically found in smaller tributaries with sandy substrates, which can experience strong flow during rainy seasons. They have also been observed in stagnant pools and ponds during dry periods. In the wild, they coexist with various other species, including Crenicichla menezesi and Apistogramma piauiensis. The species has been documented in different locations within the rio Parnaíba system, such as tributaries of the rios das Balsas, Longa, and Poti.

Reproduction & Dimorphism

Geophagus parnaibae is a substrate-spawning, ovophilous, biparental mouthbrooder that can be successfully bred in captivity. They do not exhibit significant sexual dimorphism, except during spawning when the female's ovipositor becomes visible. Successful breeding requires a balanced diet and meticulous tank maintenance, including regular large water changes. Pair formation occurs naturally within a group, and courtship behaviors involve fin flaring, circling, and head jerking displays. Spawning involves the female laying eggs on a chosen substrate, with both parents participating in caring for the brood once hatched.

Aquarium Setup

Creating an ideal aquarium setup for Geophagus parnaibae involves essential components such as a soft, sandy substrate to allow for natural browsing behavior. Decorate the tank with driftwood pieces, scattered roots, and branches, while avoiding the use of leaf litter that can cause filtration issues. Providing potential spawning sites with water-worn rocks can enhance breeding opportunities. Maintaining stable water conditions with temperatures between 24-31°C, pH levels of 6.5-7.6, and hardness ranging from 36-179ppm is crucial. Implementing strong mechanical filtration and conducting regular water changes are vital for the species' well-being.